Page 15 in the rulebook says guest fighters on an allied carrier remain as cargo on the carrier if the carrier moves into combat and are then destroyed if the carrier gets destroyed. I cannot find, however, what happens to defending fighters (of the same or friendly power as the carrier) when the defending carrier is destroyed but the fighters survive the combat. If there are other carriers in the same SZ with available space are the fighter forced to land there? And if there is not available space in the SZ?
Jenn answered it correctly. Look at page 28 at the attributes for carriers.