@Slovenehero:
A ‘world war’ between rational state actors in the atomic era would most likely necessitate the use of thermonuclear weapons at some point.
The concept of rational state actors in politics is a bit like the concept of rational investors in economics: tricky. In the abstract, the concept of rationality in politics (and economics) basically implies that the people involved in a decision-making process (“Should we go to war against such-and-such a country?” “Should I buy or sell this particular stock?”) are making decisions based on a clinical analysis of the costs, benefits, risks and opprtunities, and that one of their objectives is to avoid decisions that would result in their coming out on the losing end of the cost-benefit trade-off. Sounds reasonable enough, and by that logic politicians (and investors) would be unlikely to make stupid decisions, to say nothing of decisions that are monumentally stupid and massively harmful to both themselves and others. But in reality, things don’t always work out that way. It’s said in the world of finance that nobody ever performs more badly on the stock market than the average investor; I’m not sure if there’s an equivalent expression in the world of international politics, but I wouldn’t be surprised if there were.
The three problems with rationality in politics and in finance are that: a) emotions can easily trump rationality, as can be seen whenever there’s a panic sell-off on the stock market; b) rational analysis can often be tainted by prejudices, misconceptions, incorrect assumptions and incomplete information; and c) even correct and dispassionate analyses can sometimes produce the wrong answer, given that political and economics events are the products of the collective actions of countless individuals (of varying degrees of importance) interacting with each other in multiple and complex ways. These things simply can’t be analyzed and predicted accurately and reliably. The outbreak of WWI is a classic example of a major war breaking out through a complex combination of deliberate intent and unforeseen miscalculation. In business, the notorious Edsel debacle is a good example because it was actually one of the most carefully planned new car projects in automotive history, yet it flopped to such a degree that “edsel” became and remains a synonym for a lemon.
The made-for-TV movie World War III includes, as I recall, a conversation that sums up the problem neatly. The US President (played by Rock Hudson) is on the phone with a US Army colonel (layed by David Soul) during a crisis involving Soviet troops in Alaska. The President gravely informs the colonel (who’s in Alaska) that the incident could lead to a thermonuclear war. The colonel says, “But nobody would win a thermonuclear war!” The President answers, “That has nothing to do with getting into one.”