no, yes and no :smile:
Land units can only be attacked by ships when being on a transport ship.
The manual says you should place every battle on the attack/defence chart, but after some time you will learn what values all the units have, so it wont be necessary, but since you just bought the game, i suggest fighting the battle on the chart.
And attack doesnt count for a movement. So Bombers can attack Japan from Hawaii, they move three to move above Japan, attack, then move three back to Hawaii. Only six movements here.