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Are planes allowed to attack alone and independently, …
Yes, as long as every plane has a valid landing spot.
Assume that your naval force includes one or more submarines and your opponent has a destroyer and engages you in battle. Can your submarines submerge (exit in mid battle) at your option once your opponent takes his destroyer as a casualty?
Assume that your naval force includes one or more submarines and your opponent has a destroyer and engages you in battle. Can your submarines submerge (exit in mid battle) at your option once your opponent takes his destroyer as a casualty?
You would be able to submerge your submarines the following round of combat since there would no longer be any destroyers to negate the sub’s special abilities.